Your browser doesn't support javascript.
loading
Show: 20 | 50 | 100
Results 1 - 16 de 16
Filter
1.
Femina ; 51(6): 326-332, 20230630. ilus
Article in Portuguese | LILACS | ID: biblio-1512417

ABSTRACT

O parto cesáreo (PC) é o procedimento cirúrgico mais comumente realizado nos Estados Unidos (mais de 1 milhão de cirurgias por ano) e um dos procedimentos mais realizados em todo o mundo.(1) Embora o PC seja um procedimento potencialmente salvador de vidas, quando corretamente indicado, sua frequência aumentou constantemente nas últimas décadas (atualmente 21,1% globalmente, variando de 5%, na África Subsaariana, a 42,8%, na América Latina e no Caribe). Além disso, estudos demonstram tendência continuada de aumento (projeção para 2030: 28,5% globalmente, variando de 7,1%, na África Subsaariana, a 63,4%, no leste da Ásia).(2) República Dominicana, Brasil, Chipre, Egito e Turquia são os líderes mundiais, com taxas de PC variando de 58,1% a 50,8%, respectivamente, o que aponta para uma tendência preocupante de medicalização do parto e indicação excessiva do PC.(2) Outros procedimentos cirúrgicos como dilatação, curetagem, miomectomia e histeroscopia cirúrgica são menos frequentes que o PC. Ainda assim, devido à tendência de maior idade materna, o número de gestantes previamente submetidas a esses procedimentos também tende a aumentar. Esses dados apontam para um número crescente de gestações em úteros manipulados cirurgicamente Gestantes com cicatrizes uterinas prévias correm risco de aumento da morbimortalidade. Complicações como placenta prévia, rotura uterina espontânea, deiscência uterina (com ou sem intrusão placentária), gestação em cicatriz de cesariana (GCC) e distúrbios do espectro do acretismo placentário (EAP) estão associadas a sangramento uterino potencialmente fatal, lesões extrauterinas e parto pré-termo


Subject(s)
Humans , Female , Pregnancy , Placenta Accreta/diagnostic imaging , Cesarean Section/adverse effects , Uterus/injuries , Cicatrix/complications , Maternal Health , Obstetrics
4.
Rev. colomb. obstet. ginecol ; 74(1): 28-36, ene.-mar. 2023. ilus, tab
Article in Spanish | LILACS, COLNAL | ID: biblio-1536051

ABSTRACT

Objetivos: Describir la frecuencia de complicaciones maternas en mujeres gestantes con placenta previa (PP) mayor o menor y evaluar una posible asociación entre tipo de PP y la presencia de hemorragia materna severa y otros resultados maternos asociados. Materiales y métodos: Cohorte retrospectiva, descriptiva. Se incluyeron gestantes con 20 semanas o más de embarazo, con diagnóstico confirmado de placenta previa, quienes fueron atendidas en un hospital de alto nivel de complejidad localizado en Cali (Colombia), entre enero de 2011 y diciembre de 2020. Se excluyeron las gestantes con diagnóstico de placenta previa y acretismo placentario concomitante. Las variables recolectadas fueron: edad materna, índice de masa corporal, tabaquismo, obesidad, paridad, presencia de sangrado, hemorragia posparto, manejo de la hemorragia posparto, transfusión y admisión a UCI de la gestante. Se realizó análisis descriptivo. El protocolo fue aprobado por el comité de ética de la Fundación Valle de Lili. Resultados: 146 pacientes cumplieron con los criterios de inclusión. La población estuvo constituida por mujeres con una mediana de edad de 32 años, sin antecedente quirúrgico, con diagnóstico prenatal de placenta previa a la semana 22. En el 70,5 % de los casos se trató de pacientes con placenta previa mayor. Las complicaciones más frecuentes fueron hemorragia posparto (37,9 % vs. 16,3 % para pacientes con placenta previa mayor y menor, respectivamente), requerimiento de transfusión (23,3 y 9,3 %, respectivamente) y el ingreso materno a la UCI (40,8 % vs. 18,6 %, respectivamente). No se registraron muertes maternas. Conclusiones: Las mujeres con placenta previa experimentan una frecuencia elevada de complicaciones; probablemente, dicha frecuencia es más alta cuando se documenta placenta previa mayor. Se requieren más estudios que comparen la frecuencia de complicaciones maternas según el tipo de placenta previa.


Objectives: To describe the frequency of maternal complications in pregnant women with major or minor placenta previa (PP), and to assess a potential association between PP type and the presence of severe maternal bleeding and other associated outcomes. Material and methods: Retrospective descriptive cohort. The study included pregnant women with 20 weeks of gestation or more and a confirmed diagnosis of placenta previa who were seen in a high complexity hospital in Cali (Colombia), between January 2011 and December 2020. Women with a diagnosis of placenta previa and concomitant placenta accreta were excluded. The collected variables were maternal age, body mass index, smoking, obesity, parity, presence of bleeding, postpartum hemorrhage, management of postpartum hemorrhage, transfusion, and maternal ICU admission. A descriptive analysis was performed. The protocol was approved by the ethics committee of Fundaciónn Valle de Lili. Results: A total of 146 patients met the inclusion criteria. The population consisted of women with a mean age of 32 years, with no history of prior surgery, with a prenatal diagnosis of placente previa at week 22; 70% were major placenta previa cases. The most frequent complications were postpartum hemorrhage (37.9 % vs. 16.3 % for patients with major and minor placenta previa, respectively), transfusion requirement (23.3 and 9.3 %, respectively), and maternal ICU admission (40.8 % vs. 18.6 %, respectively). There were no cases of maternal death. Conclusions: There is a high frequency of complications in women with placenta previa, and it is probably higher in cases of major placenta previa. Further studies are needed to compare the frequency of maternal complications according to the type of placenta previa.


Subject(s)
Humans , Female , Pregnancy , Colombia
6.
Rev. bras. ginecol. obstet ; 44(12): 1090-1093, Dec. 2022. tab
Article in English | LILACS | ID: biblio-1431608

ABSTRACT

Abstract Objective To describe the clinical results of patients admitted and managed as cases of placenta accreta spectrum (PAS) at a Central American public hospital and the influence of the prenatal diagnosis on the condition. Materials and Methods A retrospective analysis of PAS patients treated at Hospital Bertha Calderón Roque, in Managua, Nicaragua, between June 2017 and September 2021. The diagnostic criteria used were those of the International Federation of Gynecology and Obstetrics (Fédération Internationale de Gynécologie et d'Obstétrique, FIGO, in French). The population was divided into patients with a prenatal ultrasonographic diagnosis of PAS (group 1) and those whose the diagnosis of PAS was established at the time of the caesarean section (group 2). Results During the search, we found 103 cases with a histological and/or clinical diagnosis of PAS; groups 1 and 2 were composed of 51 and 52 patients respectively. Regarding the clinical results of both groups, the patients in group 1 presented a lower frequency of transfusions (56.9% versus 96.1% in group 2), use of a lower number of red blood cell units (RBCUs) among those undergoing transfusions (median: 1; interquartile range: [IQR]: 0-4 versus median: 3; [IQR]: 2-4] in group 2), and lower frequency of 4 or more RBCU transfusions (29.4% versus 46.1% in group 2). Group 1 also exhibited a non-significant trend toward a lower volume of blood loss (1,000 mL [IQR]: 750-2,000 mL versus 1,500 mL [IQR]: 1,200-1,800 mL in group 2), and lower requirement of pelvic packing (1.9% versus 7.7% in group 2). Conclusion Establishing a prenatal diagnosis of PAS is related to a lower frequency of transfusions. We observed a high frequency of prenatal diagnostic failures of PAS. It is a priority to improve prenatal detection of this disease.


Subject(s)
Humans , Female , Pregnancy , Placenta Accreta/diagnostic imaging , Surgical Procedures, Operative , Blood Transfusion , Ultrasonography, Prenatal
7.
Rev. bras. ginecol. obstet ; 44(10): 925-929, Oct. 2022. tab
Article in English | LILACS | ID: biblio-1423260

ABSTRACT

ABSTRACT Objective Placenta accreta spectrum (PAS) is a cause of massive obstetric hemorrhage and maternal mortality. The application of family-centered delivery techniques (FCDTs) during surgery to treat this disease is infrequent. We evaluate the implementation of FCDTs during PAS surgeries. Methods This was a prospective, descriptive study that included PAS patients undergoing surgical management over a 12-month period. The patients were divided according to whether FCDTs were applied (group 1) or not (group 2), and the clinical outcomes were measured. In addition, hospital anesthesiologists were surveyed to evaluate their opinions regarding the implementation of FCDTs during the surgical management of PAS. Results Thirteen patients with PAS were included. The implementation of FCDTs during birth was possible in 53.8% of the patients. The presence of a companion during surgery and skin-to-skin contact did not hinder interdisciplinary management in any case. Conclusion Implementation of FCDTs during PAS care is possible in selected patients at centers with experience in managing this disease.


Resumo Objetivo O espectro da placenta acreta (do inglês placenta accreta spectrum - PAS) é causa de hemorragia obstétrica maciça e mortalidade materna. A aplicação de técnicas de parto centrado na família (do inglês family-centered delivery techniques - FCDTs) durante a cirurgia para tratar esta doença é pouco frequente. Avaliamos a implementação das FCDTs durante as cirurgias do PAS. Métodos Estudo prospectivo e descritivo que incluiu pacientes com PAS submetidos a tratamento cirúrgico durante um período de 12 meses. Os pacientes foram divididos de acordo com a aplicação de FCDTs (grupo 1) ou não (grupo 2), e os resultados clínicos foram medidos. Além disso, anestesiologistas hospitalares foram entrevistados para avaliar suas opiniões sobre a implementação das FCDTs durante o manejo cirúrgico do PAS. Resultados Foram incluídos 13 pacientes com PAS. A implementação de FCDTs durante o parto foi possível em 53,8% das pacientes. A presença do acompanhante durante a cirurgia e o contato pele a pele não prejudicou o manejo interdisciplinar em nenhum caso. Conclusão A implementação de FCDTs durante o atendimento do PAS é possível em pacientes selecionados em centros com experiência no manejo dessa doença.


Subject(s)
Humans , Female , Pregnancy , Placenta Accreta , Birthing Centers , Patient-Centered Care , Humanization of Assistance
8.
Rev. colomb. obstet. ginecol ; 73(3): 283-316, July-Sept. 2022. tab
Article in Spanish | LILACS, COLNAL | ID: biblio-1408053

ABSTRACT

RESUMEN Introducción: el espectro de acretismo placentario (EAP) es una condición asociada a sangrado masivo posparto y mortalidad materna. Las guías de manejo publicadas en países de altos ingresos recomiendan la participación de grupos interdisciplinarios en hospitales con recursos suficientes para realizar procedimientos complejos. Sin embargo, algunas de las recomendaciones de estas guías resultan difíciles de aplicar en países de bajos y medianos ingresos. Objetivos: este consenso busca formular recomendaciones generales para el tratamiento del EAP en Colombia. Materiales y métodos: en el consenso participaron 23 panelistas, quienes respondieron 31 preguntas sobre el tratamiento de EAP. Los panelistas fueron seleccionados con base en la participación en dos encuestas realizadas para determinar la capacidad resolutiva de hospitales en el país y la región. Se utilizó la metodología Delphi modificada, incorporando dos rondas sucesivas de discusión. Para emitir las recomendaciones el grupo tomó en cuenta la opinión de los participantes, que lograron un consenso mayor al 80 %, así como las barreras y los facilitadores para su implementación. Resultados: el consenso formuló cinco recomendaciones integrando las respuestas de los panelistas. Recomendación 1. Las instituciones de atención primaria deben realizar búsqueda activa de EAP en pacientes con factores de riesgo: placenta previa e historia de miomectomía o cesárea en embarazo previo. En caso de haber signos sugestivos de EAP por ecografía, las pacientes deben ser remitidas de manera inmediata, sin tener una edad gestacional mínima, a hospitales reconocidos como centros de referencia. Las modalidades virtuales de comunicación y atención en salud pueden facilitar la interacción entre las instituciones de atención primaria y los centros de referencia para EAP. Se debe evaluar el beneficio y riesgo de las modalidades de telemedicina. Recomendación 2. Es necesario que se definan hospitales de referencia para EAP en cada región de Colombia, asegurando el cubrimiento de la totalidad del territorio nacional. Es aconsejable concentrar el flujo de pacientes afectadas por esta condición en unos pocos hospitales, donde haya equipos de cirujanos con entrenamiento específico en EAP, disponibilidad de recursos especializados y un esfuerzo institucional por mejorar la calidad de atención, en busca de tener mejores resultados en la salud de las gestantes con esta condición. Para lograr ese objetivo los participantes recomiendan que los entes reguladores de la prestación de servicios de salud a nivel nacional, regional o local vigilen el proceso de remisión de estas pacientes, facilitando rutas administrativas en caso de que no exista contrato previo entre el asegurador y el hospital o la clínica seleccionada (IPS). Recomendación 3. En los centros de referencia para pacientes con EAP se invita a la creación de equipos que incorporen un grupo fijo de especialistas (obstetras, urólogos, cirujanos generales, radiólogos intervencionistas) encargados de atender todos los casos de EAP. Es recomendable que esos grupos interdisciplinarios utilicen el modelo de "paquete de intervención" como guía para la preparación de los centros de referencia para EAP. Este modelo consta de las siguientes actividades: preparación de los servicios, prevención e identificación de la enfermedad, respuesta ante la presentación de la enfermedad, aprendizaje luego de cada evento. La telemedicina facilita el tratamiento de EAP y debe ser tenida en cuenta por los grupos interdisciplinarios que atienden esta enfermedad. Recomendación 4. Los residentes de Obstetricia deben recibir instrucción en maniobras útiles para la prevención y el tratamiento del sangrado intraoperatorio masivo por placenta previa y EAP, tales como: la compresión manual de la aorta, el torniquete uterino, el empaquetamiento pélvico, el bypass retrovesical y la maniobra de Ward. Los conceptos básicos de diagnóstico y tratamiento de EAP deben incluirse en los programas de especialización en Ginecología y Obstetricia en Colombia. En los centros de referencia del EAP se deben ofrecer programas de entrenamiento a los profesionales interesados en mejorar sus competencias en EAP de manera presencial y virtual. Además, deben ofrecer soporte asistencial remoto (telemedicina) permanente a los demás hospitales en su región, en relación con pacientes con esa enfermedad. Recomendación 5. La finalización de la gestación en pacientes con sospecha de EAP y placenta previa, por imágenes diagnósticas, sin evidencia de sangrado vaginal activo, debe llevarse a cabo entre las semanas 34 y 36 6/7. El tratamiento quirúrgico debe incluir intervenciones secuenciales que pueden variar según las características de la lesión, la situación clínica de la paciente y los recursos disponibles. Las opciones quirúrgicas (histerectomía total y subtotal, manejo quirúrgico conservador en un paso y manejo expectante) deben incluirse en un protocolo conocido por todo el equipo interdisciplinario. En escenarios sin diagnóstico anteparto, es decir, ante un hallazgo intraoperatorio de EAP (evidencia de abultamiento violáceo o neovascularización de la cara anterior del útero), y con participación de personal no entrenado, se plantean tres situaciones: Primera opción: en ausencia de indicación de nacimiento inmediato o sangrado vaginal, se recomienda diferir la cesárea (cerrar la laparotomía antes de incidir el útero) hasta asegurar la disponibilidad de los recursos recomendados para llevar a cabo una cirugía segura. Segunda opción: ante indicación de nacimiento inmediato (por ejemplo, estado fetal no tranquilizador), pero sin sangrado vaginal o indicación de manejo inmediato de EAP, se sugiere realizar manejo en dos tiempos: se realiza la cesárea evitando incidir la placenta, seguida de histerorrafia y cierre de abdomen, hasta asegurar la disponibilidad de los recursos recomendados para llevar a cabo una cirugía segura. Tercera opción: en presencia de sangrado vaginal que hace imposible diferir el manejo definitivo de EAP, es necesario extraer el feto por el fondo del útero, realizar la histerorrafia y reevaluar. En ocasiones, el nacimiento del feto disminuye el flujo placentario y el sangrado vaginal se reduce o desaparece, lo que hace posible diferir el manejo definitivo de EAP. Si el sangrado significativo persiste, es necesario continuar con la histerectomía haciendo uso de los recursos disponibles: compresión manual de la aorta, llamado inmediato a los cirujanos con mejor entrenamiento disponible, soporte de grupos expertos de otros hospitales a través de telemedicina. Si una paciente con factores de riesgo para EAP (por ejemplo, miomectomía o cesárea previa) presenta retención de placenta posterior al parto vaginal, es recomendable confirmar la posibilidad de dicho diagnóstico (por ejemplo, realizando una ecografía) antes de intentar la extracción manual de la placenta. Conclusiones: esperamos que este primer consenso colombiano de EAP sirva como base para discusiones adicionales y trabajos colaborativos que mejoren los resultados clínicos de las mujeres afectadas por esta enfermedad. Evaluar la aplicabilidad y efectividad de las recomendaciones emitidas requerirá investigaciones adicionales.


ABSTRACT Introduction: Placenta accreta spectrum (PAS) is a condition associated with massive postpartum bleeding and maternal mortality. Management guidelines published in high income countries recommend the participation of interdisciplinary teams in hospitals with sufficient resources for performing complex procedures. However, some of the recommendations contained in those guidelines are difficult to implement in low and medium income countries. Objectives: The aim of this consensus is to draft general recommendations for the treatment of PAS in Colombia Materials and Methods: Twenty-three panelists took part in the consensus with their answers to 31 questions related to the treatment of PAS. The panelists were selected based on participation in two surveys designed to determine the resolution capabilities of national and regional hospitals. The modified Delphi methodology was used, introducing two successive discussion rounds. The opinions of the participants, with a consensus of more than 80 %, as well as implementation barriers and facilitators, were taken into consideration in order to issue the recommendations. Results: The consensus drafted five recommendations, integrating the answers of the panelists. Recommendation 1. Primary care institutions must undertake active search of PAS in patients with risk factors: placenta praevia and history of myomectomy or previous cesarean section. In case of ultrasound signs suggesting PAS, patients must be immediately referred, without a minimum gestational age, to hospitals recognized as referral centers. Online communication and care modalities may facilitate the interaction between primary care institutions and referral centers for PAS. The risks and benefits of telemedicine modalities must be weighed. Recommendation 2. Referral hospitals for PAS need to be defined in each region of Colombia, ensuring coverage throughout the national territory. It is advisable to concentrate the flow of patients affected by this condition in a few hospitals with surgical teams specifically trained in PAS, availability of specialized resources, and institutional efforts at improving quality of care with the aim of achieving better health outcomes in pregnant women with this condition. To achieve this goal, participants recommend that healthcare regulatory agencies at a national and regional level should oversee the process of referral for these patients, expediting administrative pathways in those cases in which there is no prior agreement between the insurer and the selected hospital or clinic. Recommendation 3. Referral centers for patients with PAS are urged to build teams consisting of a fixed group of specialists (obstetricians, urologists, general surgeons, interventional radiologists) entrusted with the care of all PAS cases. It is advisable for these interdisciplinary teams to use the "intervention bundle" model as a guidance for building PAS referral centers. This model comprises the following activities: service preparedness, disease prevention and identification, response to the occurrence of the disease, and debriefing after every event. Telemedicine facilitates PAS treatment and should be taken into consideration by interdisciplinary teams caring for this disease. Recommendation 4. Obstetrics residents must be instructed in the performance of maneuvers that are useful for the prevention and treatment of massive intraoperative bleeding due to placenta praevia and PAS, including manual aortic compression, uterine tourniquet, pelvic packing, retrovesical bypass, and Ward maneuver. Specialization Obstetrics and Gynecology programs in Colombia must include the basic concepts of the diagnosis and treatment of PAS. Referral centers for PAS must offer online and in-person training programs for professionals interested in improving their competencies in PAS. Moreover, they must offer permanent remote support (telemedicine) to other hospitals in their region for patients with this condition. Recommendation 5. Patients suspected of having PAS and placenta praevia based on imaging, with no evidence of active vaginal bleeding, must be delivered between weeks 34 and 36 6/7. Surgical treatment must include sequential interventions that may vary depending on the characteristics of the lesion, the clinical condition of the patient and the availability of resources. The surgical options (total and subtotal hysterectomy, one-stage conservative surgical management and watchful waiting) must be included in a protocol known by the entire interdisciplinary team. In situations in which an antepartum diagnosis is lacking, that is to say, in the face of intraoperative finding of PAS (evidence of purple bulging or neovascularization of the anterior aspect of the uterus), and the participation of untrained personnel, three options are considered: Option 1: In the absence of indication of immediate delivery or of vaginal delivery, the recommendation is to postpone the cesarean section (close the laparotomy before incising the uterus) until the recommended resources for safe surgery are secured. Option 2: If there is an indication for immediate delivery (e.g., non-reassuring fetal status) but there is absence of vaginal bleeding or indication for immediate PAS management, a two-stage management is suggested: cesarean section avoiding placental incision, followed by uterine repair and abdominal closure, until the availability of the recommended resources for safe surgery is ascertained. Option 3: In the event of vaginal bleeding that prevents definitive PAS management, the fetus must be delivered through the uterine fundus, followed by uterine repair and reassessment of the situation. Sometimes, fetal delivery diminishes placental flow and vaginal bleeding is reduced or disappears, enabling the possibility to postpone definitive management of PAS. In case of persistent significant bleeding, hysterectomy should be performed, using all available resources: manual aortic compression, immediate call to the surgeons with the best available training, telemedicine support from expert teams in other hospitals. If a patient with risk factors for PAS (e.g., myomectomy or previous cesarean section) has a retained placenta after vaginal delivery, it is advisable to confirm the possibility of such diagnosis (by means of ultrasound, for example) before proceeding to manual extraction of the placenta. Conclusions: It is our hope that this first Colombian consensus on PAS will serve as a basis for additional discussions and collaborations that can result in improved clinical outcomes for women affected by this condition. Additional research will be required in order to evaluate the applicability and effectiveness of these recommendations.


Subject(s)
Humans , Female , Pregnancy , Placenta Accreta/diagnosis , Placenta Accreta/therapy , Placenta Accreta/surgery , Primary Health Care , Colombia , Health Facilities
9.
Rev. bras. ginecol. obstet ; 44(9): 838-844, Sept. 2022. tab, graf
Article in English | LILACS | ID: biblio-1423282

ABSTRACT

Abstract Objective The immediate referral of patients with risk factors for placenta accreta spectrum (PAS) to specialized centers is recommended, thus favoring an early diagnosis and an interdisciplinary management. However, diagnostic errors are frequent, even in referral centers (RCs). We sought to evaluate the performance of the prenatal diagnosis for PAS in a Latin American hospital. Methods A retrospective descriptive study including patients referred due to the suspicion of PAS was conducted. Data from the prenatal imaging studies were compared with the final diagnoses (intraoperative and/or histological). Results A total of 162 patients were included in the present study. The median gestational age at the time of the first PAS suspicious ultrasound was 29 weeks, but patients arrived at the PAS RC at 34 weeks. The frequency of false-positive results at referring hospitals was 68.5%. Sixty-nine patients underwent surgery based on the suspicion of PAS at 35 weeks, and there was a 28.9% false-positive rate at the RC. In 93 patients, the diagnosis of PAS was ruled out at the RC, with a 2.1% false-negative frequency. Conclusion The prenatal diagnosis of PAS is better at the RC. However, even in these centers, false-positive results are common; therefore, the intraoperative confirmation of the diagnosis of PAS is essential.


Resumo Objetivo Recomenda-se o encaminhamento imediato de pacientes com fatores de risco para espectro placentário acreta (PAS, na sigla em inglês) para centros especializados, favorecendo assim o diagnóstico precoce e o manejo interdisciplinar. No entanto, erros diagnósticos são frequentes, mesmo em centros de referência (CRs). Buscou-se avaliar o desempenho do diagnóstico pré-natal para PAS em um hospital latino-americano. Métodos Um estudo descritivo retrospectivo incluindo pacientes encaminhados por suspeita de SAP foi realizado. Os dados dos exames de imagem do pré-natal foram comparados com os diagnósticos finais (intraoperatórios e/ou histológicos). Resultados Foram incluídos 162 pacientes no presente estudo. A idade gestacional mediana no momento da primeira ultrassonografia suspeita de PAS foi de 29 semanas, mas as pacientes chegaram ao CR de PAS com 34 semanas. A frequência de resultados falso-positivos nos hospitais de referência foi de 68,5%. Sessenta e nove pacientes foram operadas com base na suspeita de PAS com 35 semanas e houve 28,9% de falso-positivos no CR. Em 93 pacientes, o diagnóstico de PAS foi descartado no CR, com frequência de falso-negativos de 2,1%. Conclusão O diagnóstico pré-natal de PAS é melhor no CR. Entretanto, mesmo nestes centros, resultados falso-positivos são comuns; portanto, a confirmação intraoperatória do diagnóstico de SAP é essencial.


Subject(s)
Humans , Female , Pregnancy , Placenta Accreta , Surgical Procedures, Operative , Ultrasonography, Prenatal , Ultrasonography , False Positive Reactions
10.
Rev. bras. ginecol. obstet ; 44(5): 467-474, May 2022. tab
Article in English | LILACS | ID: biblio-1387917

ABSTRACT

Abstract Objective Placenta accreta spectrum (PAS) is a serious diseases, and the recommendation is that the treatment is conducted in centers of excellence. Such hospitals are not easy to find in low- and middle-income countries. We seek to describe the process of prenatal diagnosis, surgical management, and postnatal histological analysis in a low-income country referral hospital with limited resources. Methods A descriptive, retrospective study was carried out including patients with a pre- or intraoperative diagnosis of PAS. The clinical results of the patients were studied as well as the results of the prenatal ultrasound and the correlation with the postnatal pathological diagnosis. Results In total, 129 patients were included. Forty-eight of them had a prenatal PAS ultrasound diagnosis (37.2%). In the remaining 81 (62.8%), the diagnosis was intraoperative. Although hysterectomy was performed in all cases, one-third of the patients (31%) did not have a histological study of the uterus. In 40% of the patients who had a histological study, PAS was not reported by the pathologist. Conclusion The frequency of prenatal diagnosis and the availability of postnatal histological studies were very low in the studied population. Surgical skill, favored by a high flow of patients, is an important factor to avoid complications in settings with limited resources.


Resumo Objetivo O espectro da placenta accreta é uma patologia grave, cujo tratamento é recomendado emcentros de excelência. Esses hospitais não são fáceis de encontrar em países de baixa e média renda. Procuramos descrever o processo de diagnóstico prénatal, tratamento cirúrgico, e análise histológica pós-natal em um hospital de referência de baixa renda com recursos limitados. Métodos Foi realizado um estudo descritivo, retrospectivo, incluindo pacientes com diagnóstico pré ou intraoperatório de espectro da placenta accreta. Foram estudados os resultados clínicos das pacientes, bem como os resultados da ultrassonografia prénatal e a correlação com o diagnóstico patológico pós-natal. Resultados No total, 129 pacientes foram incluídas. Quarenta e oito delas tiveramum diagnóstico de ultrassom do espectro da placenta accreta pré-natal (37,2%). Nos 81 (62,8%) restantes, o diagnóstico foi intraoperatório. Embora a histerectomia tenha sido realizada em todos os casos, um terço deles (31%) não tinha estudo histológico do útero. Em 40% dos pacientes que tiveram estudo histológico, o espectro da placenta accreta não foi relatado pelo patologista. Conclusão A frequência do diagnóstico pré-natal e a disponibilidade de estudos histológicos pós-natais foram muito baixas na população estudada. A habilidade cirúrgica, favorecida por um alto fluxo de pacientes, é um fator importante para evitar complicações em ambientes com recursos limitados.


Subject(s)
Humans , Female , Pregnancy , Placenta Accreta/surgery , Placenta Accreta/diagnosis
11.
Rev. colomb. obstet. ginecol ; 69(3): 197-207, July-Sept. 2018. tab, graf
Article in Spanish | LILACS | ID: biblio-978298

ABSTRACT

RESUMEN Objetivo: Realizar una revisión de la literatura publicada sobre el tratamiento de la trombosis de vena cava inferior en las gestantes. Materiales y métodos: Se describe un caso de trombosis de vena cava inferior en embarazo a término que consultó a una institución privada de cuarto nivel de complejidad, centro de referencia. Se manejó inicialmente con heparina de bajo peso molecular, suspendida 24 horas antes del parto. Se obtuvo un buen resultado perinatal, aunque presentó hemorragia postparto y hematoma perineal. Posteriormente se hizo manejo endovascular para trombolisis e intento de trombectomía. Se realizó una revisión de la literatura con los términos "vena cava inferior", "filtros de vena cava", "trombosis" y "embarazo". Se incluyeron reportes de caso y series de casos en inglés y español. Se seleccionaron todos los casos que describieran el tratamiento utilizado en mujeres con trombosis de vena cava inferior, diagnosticadas durante el embarazo o el puerperio. Resultados: Se incluyeron 17 publicaciones que cumplieron con los criterios de búsqueda. Se identificaron 41 casos; 35 pacientes fueron diagnosticadas con trombosis de vena cava inferior durante el embarazo y 6 durante el puerperio. El 100 % de las pacientes fueron anticoaguladas con heparina de bajo peso molecular o heparina no fraccionada, 34 gestantes requirieron filtro de vena cava inferior para manejo periparto y solo una gestante terminó en trombectomía. Conclusión: La trombosis de vena cava inferior en el periparto es un reto desde el punto de vista terapéutico, se debe equilibrar el riesgo de TEP y hemorragia masiva. Es fundamental tener una adecuada coordinación entre los diferentes servicios implicados garantizando máxima seguridad para evitar complicaciones.


ABSTRACT Objective: To conduct a review of the published literature on the treatment of inferior vena cava thrombosis in pregnancy. Materials and methods: Case description of inferior vena cava thrombosis in a woman with term pregnancy coming to a private level IV referral centre. It was initially managed with low-molecular weight heparin, which was discontinued 24 hours before delivery. Although the perinatal outcome was good, the patient developed postpartum bleeding and perineal haematoma. Endovascular treatment for thrombolysis and attempted thrombectomy was performed later. A review of the literature was conducted using the terms "inferior vena cava", "vena cava filters", "thrombosis" and "pregnancy". Case reports and case series in English and Spanish were included. All the cases describing the treatment used in women with vena cava thrombosis diagnosed during pregnancy or the postpartum period were selected. Results: Overall, 17 publications that met the search criteria were included, and 41 cases were identified: 35 patients were diagnosed with inferior vena cava thrombosis during pregnancy and 6 were identified during the postpartum period. Low molecular weight heparin or unfractionated heparin was used for anticoagulation in 100 % of the patients; 34 pregnant women required inferior vena cava filter for peripartum management, and only one patient needed thrombectomy. Conclusion: Peripartum inferior vena cava thrombosis is challenging from the therapeutic point of view. There is a need to balance the risk of pulmonary thromboembolism and massive bleeding. Adequate coordination between the different services involved is mandatory in order to ensure maximum safety and avoid complications.


Subject(s)
Humans , Venous Thrombosis , Therapeutics , Vena Cava, Inferior , Pregnancy
12.
Rev. chil. obstet. ginecol. (En línea) ; 83(3): 302-309, jun. 2018. tab, ilus
Article in Spanish | LILACS | ID: biblio-959519

ABSTRACT

RESUMEN El acretismo placentario es una enfermedad caracterizada por una inserción anómala de la placenta en la pared uterina. La oclusión infra renal de la aorta abdominal es un procedimiento innovador usado para disminuir el flujo vascular a la pelvis y lograr un mejor control del sangrado. Nosotros reportamos el caso de una gestante de 33 años con embarazo de 25 semanas y diagnóstico de placenta percreta, se aplicó el protocolo institucional que incluye: colocación de catéteres ureterales, inserción de balón intra aórtico (BIA) y finalización del embarazo por cesárea (urología, cirugía de trauma y cuidado critico obstétrico). El binomio madre hijo no presentó complicaciones, el sangrado visual estimado fue de 800 cc y la evolución posquirúrgica fue satisfactoria (sin signos de hipoperfusión o hiperlactatemia); no se reportó mortalidad materno-perinatal. Nuestra experiencia abre la posibilidad a los países de medianos y bajos ingresos a la innovación en la aplicación de estrategias para disminuir la pérdida de sangre intraoperatoria y la necesidad de transfusión; el uso del BIA es una estrategia segura para el control vascular en pacientes con percretismo placentario.


ABSTRACT Placenta accreta is characterized by anomalous placental insertion onto the uterine wall. Infra-renal aortic occlusion is an innovative procedure that reduces blood flow to the pelvis, which helps to achieve a better bleeding control. This case report is about a 33-year-old pregnant woman at 25 weeks, diagnosed with placenta percreta. We used our institutional protocol which includes: insertion of two urethral catherters, insertion of intraaortic balloon and pregnancy termination via cesarean section. Neither the mother or the newborn suffered any complications, the estimated visual bleeding was 800 cc. Postoperative evolution was satisfactory (without signs of hypoperfusion or hyperlactatemia) and there was not any reports of materno-perinatal mortality. This experience allows low and middle income countries the possibility to innovate regarding strategies to decrease intraoperative blood loss and transfusion requirements; intraaortic balloon insertion is a safe strategy to achieve bleeding control in patients with placenta percreta.


Subject(s)
Humans , Female , Pregnancy , Adult , Placenta Accreta/diagnostic imaging , Pregnancy, High-Risk , Pregnancy Outcome , Echocardiography, Doppler , Cesarean Section , Postpartum Hemorrhage , Hysterectomy , Intra-Aortic Balloon Pumping/methods
13.
Rev. chil. obstet. ginecol ; 77(4): 310-314, 2012. ilus
Article in Spanish | LILACS | ID: lil-656349

ABSTRACT

El síndrome otopalatodigital tipo 2 (OPD2), es una rara entidad con herencia recesiva ligada al cromosoma X, letal, caracterizada por facies anormales con hipoplasia centrofacial, hipertelorismo ocular, paladar hendido, talla baja, huesos largos curvos, sindactilia en pies y manos y anomalías óseas. Usualmente originadas en mutaciones en el gen de la filamina A (FLNA). Se reporta un caso, con diagnóstico prenatal de osteocondrodisplasia que posteriormente por hallazgos al examen físico y radiológicos del recién nacido se clasifico como síndrome otopalatodigital tipo 2.


Otopalatodigital syndrome, type 2 (OPD2), is a rare entity with recessive heredity linked to the X chromosome, lethal, characterized by abnormal facies, with centro-facial hypoplasia, ocular hypertelorism, cleft palate, low height, curved long bones, syndactyly, and osseous anomalies on feet and hands. It has been recently shown that patients with OPD2 with mutations in the filamin A gene (FLNA), which is also found altered in allelic entities like the OPD1 syndrome, the Melnik-Needles syndrome and frontometaphyseal dysplasia. Herein, we report a case with prenatal osteochondrodysplasia diagnosis that after physical and radiological exam of the newborn was classified as otopalatodigital syndrome type 2.


Subject(s)
Infant, Newborn , Osteochondrodysplasias/diagnosis , Osteochondrodysplasias/genetics , Craniofacial Abnormalities/diagnosis , Craniofacial Abnormalities/genetics , Abnormalities, Multiple/diagnosis , Abnormalities, Multiple/genetics , Cleft Palate , Stillbirth , Syndactyly , Syndrome , Tomography, X-Ray Computed , Ultrasonography, Prenatal
14.
Rev. colomb. obstet. ginecol ; 61(4): 348-352, oct.-dic. 2010. ilus
Article in Spanish | LILACS | ID: lil-569808

ABSTRACT

Introducción: el gemelo acárdico es una malformación congénita de muy baja prevalencia, 1 en 35.000 nacimientos, y se encuentra aproximadamente en 1 de cada 100 gemelos monocigóticos. La asociación de un gemelo acárdico con un segundo gemelo con malformaciones mayores ocurre aproximadamente en el 10% de los casos. El objetivo de este artículo es el reporte de un caso de muy baja prevalencia y la revisión de la literatura publicada sobre la etiología y fisiopatología asociada a la acardia, así como de las anomalías congénitas asociadas a esta y a la infección por virus de la varicela. Materiales y métodos: se presenta el caso de un embarazo gemelar monocoriónico biamniótico con un gemelo acardius mylacephalus y un segundo gemelo anencefálico, con exposición de la madre a varicela en el primer trimestre del embarazo. Se realizó cariotipo con bandas G, 46 XY sin anormalidades estructurales. Se hace una revisión de la literatura publicada en los últimos 10 años en las bases de datos PubMed, Ovid e HINARI. Conclusión: la importancia de este trabajo radica en que en la literatura revisada sólo se encontró un único reporte de la asociación de gemelo arcádico, coexistente con gemelo anencefálico. Además, sería el primer reporte de la relación entre esta combinación de malformaciones mayores en el embarazo gemelar y la exposición a varicela en el primer trimestre del embarazo.


Introduction: an acardiac twin is a congenital malformation having low prevalence (1 in 35,000) births and is found in about 1 in every 100 monozygotic twins. The association of an acardiac twin with a second twin having greater malformations occurs in around 10% of cases. This article was aimed at reporting a case having very low prevalence and a review of the literature published about the etiology and physiopathology associated with acardiac anomaly, as well as the congenital anomalies associated with it and infection by the chicken pox virus. Materials and methods: the case of monochorionicdiamniotic twin pregnancy involving an acardius mylacephalus twin and a second anencephalic twin is presented, the mother having been exposed to chicken pox during the first trimester of pregnancy. G-band kariotyping showed 46 XY having no structural abnormalities. A search was made of the literature published during the last 10 years in the PubMed, Ovid and HINARI databases. Conclusion: the importance of this report lies in the fact that only one report of the association of acardiac twin coexisting with anencephalic twin was found in the pertinent literature. This is also the first report of the relationship between this combination of greater malformations in twin pregnancy and exposure to chicken pox during the first trimester of pregnancy.


Subject(s)
Humans , Female , Pregnancy , Anencephaly , Chickenpox , Pregnancy
15.
Rev. colomb. obstet. ginecol ; 61(2): 169-175, abr.- jun. 2010. ilus, tab
Article in Spanish | LILACS | ID: lil-555198

ABSTRACT

Introducción: la agenesia de vagina representa una malformación infrecuente cuyas principales causas son el síndrome de Rokitansky-Mayer-Kuster-Hauser y la insensibilidad a los andrógenos o síndrome de feminización testicular. Su tratamiento se enfoca a la restauración de la función sexual y la mayoría de técnicas quirúrgicas descritas se caracterizan por su complejidad y requerimiento de instrumentos especiales. El objetivo de este documento es la presentación de una técnica simplificada de neovagina. Metodología: reporte de 4 pacientes con agenesia de vagina a las que se les realizó una neovagina a través de una modificación de la técnica de McIndoe mediante la utilización de compresa adsorbente de bacterias, con seguimiento de 8 a 18 meses. Resultados: se intervinieron tres pacientes con síndrome Rokitansky-Mayer-Kuster-Hauser y la cuarta con síndrome de feminización testicular y cariotipo XY. En uno de los casos se evidenció ruptura de recto distal al inicio de la cirugía, complicación que se identificó y corrigió de manera primaria con adecuada evolución. El tiempo de hospitalización varió de 2 a 3 días. No hubo evidencia de complicaciones a mediano y largo plazo, y se documentó el inicio de relaciones sexuales alrededor de 40 días posteriores a la intervención. Conclusión: la técnica quirúrgica descrita surge como una opción que hace el procedimiento más sencillo para restaurar la función sexual de mujeres con esta afección.


Introduction: vaginal agenesis represents a rare malformation, mostly associated with Mayer-Rokitansky-Kuster-Hauser syndrome and androgen insensitivity syndrome or testicular feminisation syndrome. Treatment focuses on restoring sexual function and most surgical techniques are characterised by their complexity and require special instruments. This paper was aimed at presenting a simplified neovagina technique. Methodology: four cases of patients suffering vaginal agenesis are reported; they underwent a modification of the McIndoe technique by using absorbent antimicrobial barrier dressings which simplifies the procedure and reduces implementation costs. They were followed-up for 8-18 months and suitable results were obtained. Results: three patients suffering from MRKH syndrome were treated; the fourth one had testicular feminisation syndrome (XY karyotype). A rupture of the distal colon or rectum was seen at the start of surgery in one case; such complication was identified and corrected, presenting suitable evolution. Hospital stay varied from 2-3 days. No medium or long-term complications were presented. Sexual relationships were documented as having begun around 40 days later. Conclusion: the surgical technique described here represents an option for restoring sexual function in women suffering from this condition.


Subject(s)
Humans , Adult , Female , Congenital Abnormalities , Vaginal Diseases
16.
Rev. colomb. obstet. ginecol ; 60(3): 294-299, jul.-sept. 2003.
Article in Spanish | LILACS | ID: lil-532739

ABSTRACT

Objetivo: realizar una revisión de la literatura acerca de los aspectos más relevantes del manejo de la cardiomiopatía periparto (CMPP) en la unidad de alta dependencia obstétrica. Presentación del caso: presentamos un caso clínico con diagnóstico de CMPP al cuarto día posparto. El ecocardiograma identificó un compromiso de la fracción de eyección. El tratamiento intensivo y adecuado permitió la supervivencia y la recuperación de la función ventricular sistólica izquierda. Discusión: la CMPP es una enfermedad cardíaca rara que ocurre durante el período posparto, la cual ha sido reconocida como una entidad distinta al infarto de miocardio cuyos signos y síntomas tempranos de falla cardíaca pueden estar ocultos por las modificaciones normales del embarazo. La evidencia indica que la tasa de letalidad varía entre 9% y 56% con la mayoría de las muertes ocurridas dentro de los tres primeros meses posparto. Su diagnóstico se basa en la presentación clínica de falla cardíaca congestiva y la evidencia objetiva de disfunción sistólica ventricular izquierda. Por lo tanto, el tratamiento debe incluir la terapia para falla cardíaca, la cual implica la reducción de la precarga, la poscarga y el uso de agentes inotrópicos, diuréticos, vasodilatadores y la digoxina. Igualmente, los inhibidores de la enzima convertidora de angiotensina (IECA) deben ser incluidos en el tratamiento posparto de la CMPP. La finalización del embarazo depende del estado funcional y de la respuesta al tratamiento inicial. Por esto, el obstetra juega un papel fundamental en el abordaje multidisciplinario de las mujeres con esta entidad y debe coordinar los esfuerzos del equipo tratante.


Objective: reviewing the relevant literature concerning medical care and management in a peripartum cardiomyopathy (PPCM) high obstetrical dependence unit. Case report: this article presents a case diagnosed as having PPCM on the 4th day postpartum. An echocardiogram revealed a compromised ejection fraction. Intensive, appropriate treatment led to survival and recovery of left ventricular systolic function. Discussion: PPCM is a rare cardiac disorder which occurs during the peripartum period. It has been recognised as a distinct entity from myocardial infarction. Its exact incidence remains unknown but mortality rate ranges from 9% to 56%, most deaths being reported during the first three months postpartum. Diagnosis is based upon the clinical presentation of congestive heart failure and objective evidence of left ventricular systolic dysfunction. Treatment should include standard therapy for heart failure, thus implying reduced preload, postload and inotropic, diuretic, vasodilator agents and digoxin use. Angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors (ACEI) must be included in CMPP postpartum treatment. The outcome of pregnancy depends on functional state and response to initial treatment. The obstetrician plays a fundamental role in a multidisciplinary approach to females suffering from this entity and must coordinate team efforts.


Subject(s)
Humans , Adult , Female , Pregnancy , Parturition , Pregnancy
SELECTION OF CITATIONS
SEARCH DETAIL